The rice bowl of Tamil Nadu, Thanjavur is located in the delta of the Cauvery River and is one of the largest paddy cultivation areas in South India. River Cauvery is the main source of irrigation for cultivation in the district which lies on the southeastern side of the state. 

The district was once the stronghold of the historic Cholas and at one time it was also the capital of the Cholas, Mutharayars and Marathas when they were at the peak of their power. Since then, Thanjavur has been the centre of the political, cultural and religious sphere of South India. The pursuits of these rulers are reflected in the great monuments like Grand Anaicut, Big Temple and Sarofoji Mahal, Palace and Saraswathi Mahal Library, etc. in the district. 

The district is famous for its exquisite ancient handicrafts-making of bronze icons, art plates, bell-metal castings, bowls, napkin and powder boxes, and engraving work of motifs. The making of pith-work, ornamental fans, mats and musical instruments are also famous in the region. The district is a flourishing centre of handloom silk and cotton sarees.

Visiting Thanjavur is like visiting a museum. Every nook and corner breathes history and heritage. Culture is in the air in this town, which is also home to green pastures and lush paddy fields. 

Saraswathi Mahal Library, Royal Museum, Thanjavur Palace, Rajaraja Chola Art Gallery, Sangeet Mahala, Brihadeeswara Temple and Fort are some of the sightseeing spots in the district.